Oral surgery for orthognathic corrections is a specialized field focused on the surgical realignment of the jaw and facial bones. This type of surgery addresses various dental and facial irregularities that affect the position of the jaw, teeth, and overall facial aesthetics. In this comprehensive guide, we will cover everything you need to know about orthognathic surgery, including its purpose, types, procedure, recovery, and potential risks.

What is Orthognathic Surgery?

Orthognathic surgery, often referred to as jaw surgery, corrects skeletal and dental irregularities that can cause functional issues and affect facial appearance. This type of surgery is typically performed to treat conditions such as:

• Severe malocclusion (misalignment of teeth)
• Jaw discrepancies such as overbite or underbite
• Facial asymmetry
• Facial trauma
• Sleep apnea related to jaw issues

Types of Orthognathic Surgery

There are several types of orthognathic procedures, depending on the specific needs of the patient:

• Maxillary Osteotomy: This procedure involves repositioning the upper jaw (maxilla) to correct issues such as an open bite or maxillary hypoplasia.
• Mandibular Osteotomy: Involves the repositioning of the lower jaw (mandible) to improve its alignment with the upper jaw, often necessary for addressing an overbite or underbite.
• Bimaxillary Surgery: A combination of both maxillary and mandibular osteotomies, addressing complex issues involving both jaws.
• Genioplasty: A surgery focused on altering the chin’s position and shape for aesthetic improvements or functional corrections.

The Procedure

Orthognathic surgery is typically performed under general anesthesia and may take several hours, depending on the complexity of the case. The surgical process usually includes the following steps:

1. Consultation and planning, including orthodontic evaluation and imaging studies.
2. Making incisions inside the mouth or on the face to access the jawbones.
3. Repositioning the bones, as planned in the pre-surgical phase.
4. Securing the bones in their new positions using plates, screws, or wires.
5. Closing the incisions with sutures, with minimal external scarring, particularly for incisions within the mouth.

Recovery Process

The recovery process from orthognathic surgery varies among individuals but generally includes the following:

• Initial Healing: Patients typically experience swelling, bruising, and discomfort for the first week. Pain management through prescribed medication is essential during this period.
• Dietary Restrictions: A soft or liquid diet is recommended for the first few days post-surgery to prevent strain on the healing jaw.
• Follow-Up Care: Regular follow-up appointments with both the oral surgeon and orthodontist are critical to monitor healing and progress.
• Full Recovery: Complete healing may take several months, including orthodontic adjustments to ensure proper alignment of the teeth once the jaws are repositioned.

Potential Risks and Complications

Like any surgical procedure, orthognathic surgery carries certain risks, such as:

• Infection at the surgical site
• Excessive bleeding
• Nerve damage, which can lead to temporary or permanent numbness
• Change in sensation in the lips or chin
• Problems with jaw joint function

It is crucial to discuss these risks with your surgeon and understand all aspects of the procedure before undergoing treatment.

Conclusion

Oral surgery for orthognathic corrections can significantly enhance both functional and aesthetic aspects of the jaw and face. With the right preparation, support, and care, patients can achieve a balanced smile and improved jaw function, leading to enhanced quality of life. If you are considering orthognathic surgery, consult an experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeon to discuss your concerns and determine the best treatment plan for you.